2/20/2023 0 Comments Dupin lite for osFormerly glaciated terrains of northeastern North America present a wide variety of landscapes that affected the location, formation, and preservation of prehistoric archaeological sites. "The present volume is based on a symposium that I organized with coeditor David Cremeens for the New York Natural History Conference VI, which was held at the New York State Museum in April 2000. Deposition of sediment of contrasting physical attributes (grain size, sorting, clay mineral content) within the canyon infl uences soil substrate properties, favoring growth of specialized plant communities in both alluvial-fan and fl uvial environments. Archaeological materials are also preserved high on the dissected canyon walls where movement of hillslope sediment and colluvium by sheetwash led to their burial (Sparrowhawk site). These alluvial-fan deposits preserve Late Precontact archaeological remains accessible due to their postburial exposure where partially eroded by the meandering channel of the Marias River (Goose Bill site complex). Erosion of the main canyon walls resulted in deposition of tributary junction alluvial fans characterized by debris-fl ow and hyperconcentrated fl ow sediment transport processes where side canyons emerged onto the alluvial valley fl oor. The Marias River canyon in north-central Montana, incised into Upper Creta-ceous strata of the Great Plains during latest Pleistocene to Holocene time, served as a locus of human activity tied to the unique fl oral and faunal resources it provided ancient peoples. Such caveats may encourage greater attention to environmental research design in ongoing and future excavation projects. Provisional inferences suggest that environmental damage may be limited, that even with heavy land-use stress, climatic triggers were critical to inaugurate change, and that the system may be more resilient than anticipated. The purpose is heuristic, in the absence of many more site and off-site studies that incorporate bioarchaeology. Third, it switches to examples of site microgeoarchaeology to illustrate the possibilities of understanding detailed change. Second, it applies Quaternary-style watershed study to confront commonplace is understandings about possible degradation, to show that most of the slope and stream deposits on Cyprus are of Pleistocene age. First, it outlines Holocene settlement, land use and forest histories, as a differentiated model against which to apply specific types of investigation, and in conjunction with other archaeological sciences. This paper articulates a research agenda to evaluate the largely anecdotal premise that the island of Cyprus has been degraded by millennia of improvident land use. But when expanded to include off-site nvestigation and watershed studies, geoarchaeology can go well beyond stratigraphy and context, to address human impacts on the environment or long-term sustainability. Site micro-studies are central to the enterprise, emphasizing cultural sediments and the taphonomic record of site formation, preservation, or destruction. Geoarchaeology represents crossdisciplinary research focused on environmental issues and human activities, and directed primarily to social scientists.
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